- Babe
- Posts
- wtf is blockchain: an explainer for people like me who still only half get it
wtf is blockchain: an explainer for people like me who still only half get it
where money lives now, why distributed ledgers matter (or don't?), and my half-assed attempt to understand the tech that's eating the world

In this week’s issue:
gm and welcome to issue 18. Thanks for being here. 🏴☠️
Last week we dug into Octant and public goods funding, where I locked up some GLM tokens and played benevolent crypto queen for a minute. If you missed it, it’s right here.
This week I'm finally tackling blockchain itself. Yeah, I know—18 issues in and I'm just now trying to explain the fundamental technology underpinning literally everything I've been talking about. Better late than never, right? I think I just needed more time with it—to hear it explained in ten different ways and like I’m five—before attempting to explain it.
Here's my best attempt at what blockchain is (really, I’m just telling you about the b-chain so that I might better understand it myself).

me trying to explain blockchain at every social function
Hodl Me Tender: 🔥 Web3 + AI Jobs of the Week
Looking for your next move in (or into) web3, crypto, or AI? Here are some fire openings for this week, all remote, all posted within the last three days:
Dante AI is looking for a Head of Marketing (AI SaaS)
Safe needs someone to be their Head of Marketing
Chorus One is looking for someone to be their Business Dev Manager
Plume needs a Product Designer to join their team
Paradex wants to find a Data Engineer
Raiku needs an Operations & Project Manager—is it you?
Raiku also needs a Solana Ecosystem Growth Lead
Coinbase is looking for a Privacy Specialist, Emerging Talent
Want to be a Community Manager at Specterops? Get it.
Fireblocks has an opening for a Senior Content Marketing Manager
Want to see your company's job listed here? Reply to this email and lmk.
***quick note from today’s sponsor (I only partner w ones I personally vet)***
Find out why 1M+ professionals read Superhuman AI daily.
AI won't take over the world. People who know how to use AI will.
Here's how to stay ahead with AI:
Sign up for Superhuman AI. The AI newsletter read by 1M+ pros.
Master AI tools, tutorials, and news in just 3 minutes a day.
Become 10X more productive using AI.
***back to my yada yada***
Touch Grass: WTF is Blockchain? (an ELI5 attempt)
After diving into Camila Russo's The Infinite Machine, working my way through (currently) Chris Dixon's Read Write Own, consuming way too many crypto podcasts, and of course attending SheFi, I think I'm finally wrapping my head around this whole distributed ledger sitch. The more I learn, the more I realize how much this technology actually matters—and how little most explanations help normal people understand why.
A quality breakdown of blockchain (from someone else)
First, let’s hear about the path of outside-in technologies versus inside-out tech from Chris Dixon (mentioned above).
Basically, new technologies follow one of two paths—they either start inside established institutions (big tech) or come from the fringes (mama’s basement). In the former, things come through fully hatched, with a value that’s easily understood even before the tech exists.
Conversely, outside-in technologies—which arrive from outside established institutions (again, outside of big tech)—are routinely underestimated and much harder to see coming. They’re built in the margins, a beautiful/potent thing in most any context.
Blockchains are “classic outside-in technology.”

outside-in tech is sick
To continue with Dixon: “Blockchains are software abstractions that overlay on top of physical devices. They’re state machines… State machines consist of two parts: (1) a place to store information and (2) a means to modify that information.”
Cool cool cool, but how do blockchains actually work?
The Chain Part: Imagine a logbook where each page (block) contains a list of transactions. Each new page includes a reference to the previous page, creating an unbroken chain of information.
The Trust Part: Instead of a single person or company maintaining this logbook, thousands of computers around the world keep identical copies. They all follow strict rules to agree on what gets added.
The Crypto Part: Advanced cryptography ensures that once information is added to the chain, it's extremely difficult to alter. Each block is secured by complex math that would require enormous computing power to break.
The Incentive Part: People who help maintain the network (by running those computers) get rewarded with tokens (like Bitcoin or ETH). This creates an economic incentive to play by the rules.
What makes this kinda revolutionary isn't the database itself—it's that for the first time, we can have a single, agreed-upon record of information without needing a central authority to maintain it. That means we can transfer value directly between people without banks, create ownership records without title companies, and build applications that can't be shut down by any single entity (piss off, Meta et al).
Meaning the real magic of blockchain isn't the technology—it's the new economic and social arrangements it enables when you remove the need for trusted intermediaries.

My (far less sophisticated read on blockchains)
From what I understand, here's how blockchain works in vaguely human terms:
Blocks: Bundles of transactions (like "Laura sent 0.05 ETH to that NFT project and is already regretting it")
Chain: All these blocks linked together chronologically, creating a complete history of every transaction ever made
Decentralized: No single entity controls it—it exists across a network of computers (nodes)
Consensus: The network agrees on what transactions are valid through various mechanisms (more on that mindfuck in a second)
Immutable: Once a transaction is recorded, it can't be altered without altering all subsequent blocks, which would require control of the majority of the network (theoretically very difficult)
This architecture creates a system where you don't need to know or trust the person you're transacting with—you just need to trust the system itself. Which feels like a weird leap of faith, but I guess not that different from trusting Chase Bank with my direct deposits.
Proof of huh?
So for a decentralized system to work, all these computers need to agree on the state of the ledger. Otherwise, balances could be different depending on which computer you ask, which would be chaos.
Apparently there are two main approaches to achieving this consensus:
Proof of Work (Bitcoin's approach): Computers race to solve complex puzzles, and the winner gets to add the next block to the chain. This is "mining" and it's why Bitcoin uses more electricity than some countries. It's like if the only way to add a row to an Excel spreadsheet was to solve a Rubik's cube blindfolded.
Proof of Stake (Ethereum's approach): Instead of solving puzzles, participants put up some of their own crypto as collateral (stake) for the right to validate transactions. If they try to cheat, they lose their stake. It's like having to put $10,000 in escrow just to be allowed to update the Excel spreadsheet, which you forfeit if you make a mistake.
Both systems exist to make it economically stupid to try to screw with the ledger. Either you'd need to outcompete the entire world's computing power (PoW) or risk losing a ton of money (PoS). Nice game theory, nerds.
Note: Concerns over the energy consumption of crypto? Please see the following text and chart from our boy Chris Dixon. I’d not yet seen the info presented like this and it’s fucking cool / eye-opening.

daaamn

totally
Final thoughts: sure the tech itself is just a really weird, inefficient spreadsheet, but the social and economic systems we build on top of it? That's where things get interesting.
Also the more I learn about blockchain, the more I realize how little I know, and how little anyone really knows about where this is all headed. We're all just making shit up as we go along. Anyone who claims absolute certainty—whether they're promising a utopian future or predicting imminent collapse—is probably selling something. The only intellectually honest position is cautious curiosity.
That's it for issue eighteen of Babe—an abrupt close to a mostly chaotic, somewhat informed discourse on the basics of blockchain. You’re welcome.
Later, nerds.
xoxo,
lw
PS: Subscribe now if you want in on this arithmetic. Miss the last issue? It’s right here. Also literally none of this is financial advice. I’m sharing what I learn through Babe, and perhaps you’ll learn from my mistakes. Hopefully, maybe, who knows, ily.
Next week in Babe: Field reports from some of the Solana Accelerate events in NYC. Which ones should I go to? 🫡